Croatia's EU Entry/Exit System: A Skeptical Look at Biometric Surveillance

Croatia's EU Entry/Exit System: A Skeptical Analysis

Croatia is set to implement the European Union’s new Entry/Exit System (EES) starting from 12 October 2025. This system, which replaces traditional passport stamps with biometric data collection, is touted as a significant advancement in border security and efficiency. However, a closer look reveals several potential issues that warrant scrutiny.

The Promised Benefits

The EES aims to enhance border security and streamline the entry and exit processes for non-EU nationals. Instead of manual passport stamps, the system will automatically record travelers' personal details, passport data, and the dates and times of entry and exit. It will also log any refusals of entry to Croatia or the wider Schengen Area. On their first entry, non-EU nationals will have to provide biometric data, including four fingerprints and a facial photograph, which will be securely stored and used for future crossings.

Key benefits include:

1. Enhanced Security: The system is designed to reduce the risk of identity fraud and improve the detection of individuals with a history of visa violations or security concerns.
2. Faster Processing: Automated checks are expected to reduce waiting times at border crossings, making travel more convenient for legitimate travelers.

The Dark Side of Biometric Surveillance

While the EES promises efficiency and security, it also raises significant concerns about privacy and surveillance. Privacy advocates argue that the collection and storage of biometric data could be a double-edged sword.

Privacy Concerns:

• Data Security**: The storage of biometric data, including fingerprints and facial images, poses a significant risk if the data is mishandled or breached. The potential for data leaks or unauthorized access is a serious concern.
• Surveillance**: The EES could lead to increased surveillance of travelers, potentially infringing on personal freedoms. Biometric data could be used for purposes beyond border control, such as tracking movements and profiling individuals.
• Bias and Discrimination**: The use of biometric data in automated systems has been shown to have biases, particularly in facial recognition technology. This could lead to discriminatory practices and unfair treatment of certain groups of travelers.

The Hidden Costs

The implementation of the EES is not without its costs. While the system is expected to improve efficiency, the financial and logistical burdens of rolling out and maintaining such a complex system are significant.

Cost Considerations:

• Financial Investment**: The initial setup and ongoing maintenance of the EES infrastructure will require substantial financial investment from the Croatian government and the EU.
• Operational Challenges**: Training border officials and ensuring the smooth operation of the system could pose challenges, particularly in the early stages of implementation.
• User Experience**: While the system aims to speed up the border crossing process, the initial data collection process may be time-consuming and could lead to longer lines and delays during the transition period.

The Broader Implications

The EES is part of a broader trend towards increased digitalization and surveillance in border control. While the EU presents this as a necessary step to enhance security, it is important to consider the broader implications for individual privacy and civil liberties.

Broader Trends:

1. Global Surveillance: The EES is not an isolated case. Similar systems are being implemented in other countries, contributing to a global trend of increased surveillance and data collection.
2. Privacy Legislation: The rollout of the EES could spur a need for stronger privacy legislation to protect individuals' biometric data and prevent misuse.
3. Public Trust: The success of the EES will depend on public trust. If travelers perceive the system as invasive or biased, it could lead to backlash and reduced cooperation.

The Bottom Line

While the EU Entry/Exit System promises to enhance border security and streamline travel processes, it also raises significant concerns about privacy, surveillance, and potential misuse of biometric data. As Croatia and the EU move forward with this system, it is crucial to balance the benefits with the potential risks and to ensure that the rights of travelers are protected.